Англо-русский экономический словарь.
Penal military unit — Penal battalions, penal companies, etc., are military units consisting of convicted persons for which military service was either the assigned punishment or a voluntary replacement of imprisonment.Nazi Germany See Afrika Brigade 999 (also… … Wikipedia
Penal Laws — • Treats of the penal legislation affecting Catholics in English speaking countries since the Reformation. Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Penal Laws Penal Laws … Catholic encyclopedia
penal — pe·nal / pēn əl/ adj 1: of, relating to, or being punishment penal sanctions 2: making one (as an offender) punishable a penal offense; also: criminal (2) 3: used as a place of con … Law dictionary
Penal substitution — is a theory of the atonement within Christian theology, especially associated with the Reformed tradition. It argues that Christ, by his own sacrificial choice, was punished (penalised) in the place of sinners (substitution), thus satisfying the… … Wikipedia
penal sum — n: a sum to be paid as a penalty esp. under the terms of a bond Merriam Webster’s Dictionary of Law. Merriam Webster. 1996 … Law dictionary
penal code — Criminal legislation in Spain until 1996 was governed by the Penal Code of 1848. In 1995, the parliament approved a completely revised code, designed to bring together the various modifications enacted since 1848, and to adapt the criminal law … Encyclopedia of contemporary Spanish culture
Penal Laws (Ireland) — The Penal Laws in Ireland ( ga. Na Péindlíthe) refers to a series of laws imposed under British rule that sought to discriminate against Roman Catholics and Protestant dissenters in favour of the established Church of Ireland. [ T. A. Jackson,… … Wikipedia
Penal law — This article is about penal law as understood in the English law system. For a more general article, see criminal law. In the most general sense, penal is the body of laws that are enforced by the State in its own name and impose penalties for… … Wikipedia
PENAL LAW — Principles of Legality Under talmudic law, no act is a criminal offense and punishable as such unless laid down in express terms in the Bible (the Written Law). For this purpose, it is not sufficient that there should be a provision imposing a… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
Penal system of Japan — The Penal system of Japan (including prisons) is part of the criminal justice system of Japan. It is intended to resocialize, reform, and rehabilitate offenders. ProcedureOn confinement, prisoners are first classified according to gender,… … Wikipedia
Penal servitude — Servitude Serv i*tude, n. [L. servitudo: cf. F. servitude.] 1. The state of voluntary or compulsory subjection to a master; the condition of being bound to service; the condition of a slave; slavery; bondage; hence, a state of slavish dependence … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
